{"id":1132,"date":"2023-10-02T10:36:33","date_gmt":"2023-10-02T10:36:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.opur.cloud\/?page_id=1132"},"modified":"2023-10-19T10:40:55","modified_gmt":"2023-10-19T10:40:55","slug":"rosee-comme-phenomene-physique","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.opur.cloud\/index.php\/fr\/rosee-comme-phenomene-physique\/","title":{"rendered":"Ros\u00e9e comme ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne physique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-skt-blocks-section gbnature-section-4 skt-blocks-block-section-outer-wrap block-4029498f-a10f-4f46-ac59-0a0e353d526f background-type-color alignundefined\" style=\"z-index:1;max-width:;margin-left:;margin-right:\"><style type=\"text\/css\"> @media only screen and (max-width: 976px){\n .block-4029498f-a10f-4f46-ac59-0a0e353d526f .skt-blocks-block-section{\n margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-top: 40px; padding-bottom: 40px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; }\n}\n @media only screen and (max-width: 767px){\n .block-4029498f-a10f-4f46-ac59-0a0e353d526f .skt-blocks-block-section{\n margin-top: 0px; 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}\n}\n<\/style><style type=\"text\/css\"> @media only screen and (max-width: 767px){\n .skt-blocks-block-advanced-heading.block-67eec8d4-da60-4994-87dc-8a181e06c48b .responsive-heading-title-text {\n font-size: 24px; }\n}\n<\/style><style type=\"text\/css\"> @media only screen and (min-width: 976px){\n\n.skt-blocks-block-advanced-heading.block-67eec8d4-da60-4994-87dc-8a181e06c48b .responsive-heading-desc-text {\n font-size: undefinedpx !important; }\n}\n<\/style><style type=\"text\/css\"> @media only screen and (min-width: 976px){\n .skt-blocks-block-advanced-heading.block-67eec8d4-da60-4994-87dc-8a181e06c48b {\n text-align: left; }\n}\n @media only screen and (max-width: 976px){\n .skt-blocks-block-advanced-heading.block-67eec8d4-da60-4994-87dc-8a181e06c48b {\n text-align: left; }\n}\n @media only screen and (max-width: 767px){\n .skt-blocks-block-advanced-heading.block-67eec8d4-da60-4994-87dc-8a181e06c48b {\n text-align: center; }\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"skt-blocks-block-advanced-heading block-67eec8d4-da60-4994-87dc-8a181e06c48b\"><h2 class=\"responsive-heading-title-text\" style=\"font-family:Assistant;font-weight:600;line-height:1;letter-spacing:0;color:#3a3a3a\">\u2026Mais d\u2019o\u00f9 vient la ros\u00e9e?<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\"> @media only screen and (min-width: 976px){\n\n.skt-blocks-block-advanced-heading.block-63d3207f-dc8c-4171-ad36-1799b328c78e .responsive-heading-title-text {\n font-size: 38px !important; 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}\n .skt-blocks-block-advanced-heading.block-63d3207f-dc8c-4171-ad36-1799b328c78e .responsive-heading-seperator {\n margin-bottom: 15px !important; }\n .skt-blocks-block-advanced-heading.block-63d3207f-dc8c-4171-ad36-1799b328c78e .responsive-heading-desc-text {\n margin-bottom: 15px !important; }\n}\n<\/style><style type=\"text\/css\"> @media only screen and (max-width: 976px){\n\n.skt-blocks-block-advanced-heading.block-63d3207f-dc8c-4171-ad36-1799b328c78e .responsive-heading-title-text {\n font-size: 32px; }\n}\n<\/style><style type=\"text\/css\"> @media only screen and (max-width: 767px){\n .skt-blocks-block-advanced-heading.block-63d3207f-dc8c-4171-ad36-1799b328c78e .responsive-heading-title-text {\n font-size: 30px; }\n}\n<\/style><style type=\"text\/css\"> @media only screen and (min-width: 976px){\n\n.skt-blocks-block-advanced-heading.block-63d3207f-dc8c-4171-ad36-1799b328c78e .responsive-heading-desc-text {\n font-size: undefinedpx !important; }\n}\n<\/style><style type=\"text\/css\"> @media only screen and (min-width: 976px){\n .skt-blocks-block-advanced-heading.block-63d3207f-dc8c-4171-ad36-1799b328c78e {\n text-align: left; }\n}\n @media only screen and (max-width: 976px){\n .skt-blocks-block-advanced-heading.block-63d3207f-dc8c-4171-ad36-1799b328c78e {\n text-align: left; }\n}\n @media only screen and (max-width: 767px){\n .skt-blocks-block-advanced-heading.block-63d3207f-dc8c-4171-ad36-1799b328c78e {\n text-align: center; }\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"skt-blocks-block-advanced-heading block-63d3207f-dc8c-4171-ad36-1799b328c78e\"><h2 class=\"responsive-heading-title-text\" style=\"font-family:Assistant;font-weight:700;line-height:1;letter-spacing:0\">Ros\u00e9e comme ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne physique<\/h2><div class=\"responsive-heading-seperator-wrap\"><div class=\"responsive-heading-seperator\" style=\"border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:2px;width:40px;border-color:#6ab43e\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;La ros\u00e9e est form\u00e9e d\u2019eau. Elle se forme la nuit, quand le ciel est d\u00e9gag\u00e9&#8221;. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tout est r\u00e9sum\u00e9 dans ces quelques mots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La ros\u00e9e, c\u2019est le r\u00e9sultat d\u2019une transformation quasi magique de la vapeur d\u2019eau contenue dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re, se m\u00e9tamorphosant sur un support froid en gouttelettes d\u2019eau liquide. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le support peut-\u00eatre plus froid que l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re ambiante parce qu\u2019il c\u00e8de sa chaleur \u00e0 l\u2019espace interstellaire en diffusant sa lumi\u00e8re, des ondes infrarouges. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019agitation thermique d\u00e9sordonn\u00e9e des mol\u00e9cules de vapeur dans l\u2019air se transforme en ordre liquide gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la temp\u00e9rature plus basse et \u00e0 la structure organis\u00e9e du support : c\u2019est le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de condensation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette temp\u00e9rature, o\u00f9 la vapeur d\u2019eau est sursatur\u00e9e et se transforme en eau liquide est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment appel\u00e9e &#8221; temp\u00e9rature de ros\u00e9e &#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les gouttes de pluie et de brouillard naissent, elles aussi, sur des supports, mais des supports microscopiques : poussi\u00e8res, grains de sable du d\u00e9sert, embruns marins\u2026 qui sont autant de germes favorisant la condensation. On peut dire que pluie et brumes sont la ros\u00e9e du ciel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019importance des \u00e9changes radiatifs dans la temp\u00e9rature des surfaces o\u00f9 la ros\u00e9e se forme a \u00e9t\u00e9 suspect\u00e9 tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t dans la formation de la ros\u00e9e ; l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se est sous-jacente dans le premier livre sur ce sujet, par William Charles Wells &#8221; An essay on dew, and several appearances connected with it &#8220;, publi\u00e9 en 1814 \u00e0 Londres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les \u00e9changes radiatifs ont, pour simplifier, deux actions antagonistes : chauffage, par le rayonnement solaire, et refroidissement, principalement par \u00e9mission infrarouge, le rayonnement qu\u2019\u00e9met un mat\u00e9riau \u00e0 temp\u00e9rature ambiante. Le jour, le chauffage direct ou indirect du soleil l\u2019emporte sur le refroidissement. La nuit, sans chauffage solaire, le substrat se refroidit. Bien \u00e9videmment, les gaz \u00e0 effet de serre pr\u00e9sents dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re comme le gaz carbonique et surtout la vapeur d\u2019eau limitent le refroidissement infrarouge. Le refroidissement peut m\u00eame s\u2019annuler quand la couverture nuageuse est dense : c\u2019est pour cela que la ros\u00e9e se forme pendant les nuits claires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si la ros\u00e9e est appr\u00e9ci\u00e9e pour la fra\u00eecheur qu&#8217;elle apporte les petits matins d&#8217;\u00e9t\u00e9 et pour l&#8217;humidit\u00e9 qu&#8217;elle procure aux plantes, m\u00eame en p\u00e9riodes s\u00e8ches, la gel\u00e9e blanche ou givre est moins aim\u00e9e quand elle appara\u00eet, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u00e8s octobre, et qu&#8217;elle nous oblige \u00e0 gratter les pare-brises avant de se rendre au travail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u2019il y a givre, c\u2019est parce que la temp\u00e9rature de la surface descend en dessous de z\u00e9ro degr\u00e9 et que les gouttelettes de ros\u00e9e ont gel\u00e9es. Ces gouttelettes gel\u00e9es continuent de grossir sous forme d\u2019aiguilles de glace qui forment le givre, v\u00e9ritable &#8221; cristal &#8221; de ros\u00e9e.<br>Ros\u00e9e et givre se produisent pourtant de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re et exigent les m\u00eames conditions: un ciel nocturne d\u00e9gag\u00e9, un fort rayonnement d&#8217;o\u00f9 une baisse des temp\u00e9ratures, un vent calme et une forte humidit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La croissance des gouttelettes de ros\u00e9e s\u2019effectue selon des r\u00e8gles simples, qui conduisent \u00e0 un ordre \u00e9tonnant. Quand de petites gouttelettes naissent sur une surface, elles sont de tr\u00e8s petite taille, de l\u2019ordre de quelques millioni\u00e8me de millim\u00e8tre. Elles grossissent en agglom\u00e9rant les mol\u00e9cules de vapeur autour d\u2019elle : ce sont de v\u00e9ritables pompes \u00e0 mol\u00e9cules. En augmentant leur taille, elles vont se toucher et fusionner \u2013 c\u2019est le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de coalescence \u2013 et former une nouvelle goutte, plus grosse et de m\u00eame forme, mais occupant moins de place que les deux gouttes pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le r\u00e9sultat est surprenant, mais il est simplement d\u00fb au fait que les gouttes &#8221; poussent &#8221; dans une dimension diff\u00e9rente de la surface, la troisi\u00e8me dimension. Quelles que soient les tailles des gouttelettes, de l\u2019ordre de quelques longueurs atomiques, comme on les d\u00e9tecte durant la fabrication de couches minces pour la nano-\u00e9lectronique, ou des millions de fois plus grosses, comme celles que nous observons \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153il nu sur les feuilles du jardin ou les vitres embu\u00e9es de nos cuisines, la surface restera s\u00e8che en permanence sue presque sa moiti\u00e9. Il en r\u00e9sulte des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s &#8221; universelles &#8221; de la ros\u00e9e, que nous ne d\u00e9taillerons pas ici, mais qui rend ce mod\u00e8le tr\u00e8s populaire parmi les scientifiques qui \u00e9tudient les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s statistiques de la mati\u00e8re. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et on sait m\u00eame faire &#8221; sauter les gouttes de ros\u00e9e ! Si la temp\u00e9rature du solide sur lequel se d\u00e9pose la ros\u00e9e est proche de son point de fusion, la chaleur (latente) que le solide doit \u00e9vacuer pour que les mol\u00e9cules d\u00e9sordonn\u00e9es de vapeur se &#8221; calment &#8221; et s\u2019ordonnent en liquide, est suffisante pour liqu\u00e9fier le substrat. La goutte se met alors v\u00e9ritablement \u00e0 &#8221; sauter &#8220;une danse de Saint-Gui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les gouttes de ros\u00e9e peuvent m\u00eame &#8221; parler &#8221; entre elles : quand elles se touchent et fusionnent, elles \u00e9mettent un petit &#8221; cri &#8221; qui peut \u00eatre rendu audible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\"> .block-2bc5078b-b81d-43bf-b3e6-719c2d6d7211 .skt-blocks-block-column {\n box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px undefined ; }\n .block-2bc5078b-b81d-43bf-b3e6-719c2d6d7211 .skt-blocks-block-column:hover {\n box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px #cccccc ; }\n @media only screen and (min-width: 976px){\n .block-2bc5078b-b81d-43bf-b3e6-719c2d6d7211 .skt-blocks-block-column{\n padding-top: undefinedpx; padding-bottom: undefinedpx; padding-left: undefinedpx; padding-right: undefinedpx; margin-top: undefinedpx; margin-bottom: undefinedpx; margin-left: undefinedpx; margin-right: undefinedpx; }\n}\n @media only screen and (max-width: 976px){\n .block-2bc5078b-b81d-43bf-b3e6-719c2d6d7211 .skt-blocks-block-column{\n padding-top: undefinedpx; padding-bottom: undefinedpx; padding-left: undefinedpx; padding-right: undefinedpx; margin-top: undefinedpx; margin-bottom: undefinedpx; margin-left: undefinedpx; margin-right: undefinedpx; }\n}\n @media only screen and (max-width: 767px){\n .block-2bc5078b-b81d-43bf-b3e6-719c2d6d7211 .skt-blocks-block-column{\n padding-top: 40px; padding-bottom: undefinedpx; padding-left: undefinedpx; padding-right: undefinedpx; margin-top: undefinedpx; margin-bottom: undefinedpx; margin-left: undefinedpx; margin-right: undefinedpx; }\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"skt-blocks-advanced-column-child block-2bc5078b-b81d-43bf-b3e6-719c2d6d7211\" style=\"width:50%\"><div class=\"responsive-column-wrap skt-blocks-block-column\" style=\"border-width:1px;border-style:none\"><div class=\"responsive-column-inner-wrap overlay-type-color linear\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.encyclopedie-environnement.org\/air-fr\/dew\/ \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"453\" height=\"303\" src=\"https:\/\/www.opur.cloud\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/BUEE.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.opur.cloud\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/BUEE.jpg 453w, https:\/\/www.opur.cloud\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/BUEE-300x201.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Gouttes de bu\u00e9e sur verre. Pour en savoir plus voir <a href=\"https:\/\/www.encyclopedie-environnement.org\/air-fr\/dew\/\">https:\/\/www.encyclopedie-environnement.org\/air-fr\/dew\/<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/page-builder.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"featured_image_src":false,"featured_image_src_square":false,"rbea_author_info":{"display_name":"admin","author_link":"https:\/\/www.opur.cloud\/index.php\/author\/admin\/"},"rbea_excerpt_info":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.opur.cloud\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1132"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.opur.cloud\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.opur.cloud\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.opur.cloud\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.opur.cloud\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1132"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.opur.cloud\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1132\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1398,"href":"https:\/\/www.opur.cloud\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1132\/revisions\/1398"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.opur.cloud\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}